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Social and Emotional Growth
The significance of
social and emotional development is seen in every area of a child's
life. A child will have a strong foundation for later development if he
or she can manage personal feelings, understand others' feelings and
needs, and interact positively with others. Differences in social and
emotional development result from a child's inborn temperament, cultural
influences, disabilities, behaviors modeled by adults, the level of
security felt in a child's relationships with adults, and the
opportunities provided for social interaction.
One-year-olds are just
learning to recognize and manage their feelings. They experience a wide
range of emotions and have tantrums when they are tired or frustrated.
They may also respond to conflict by hitting, biting, screaming, or
crying. One-year-olds seek autonomy and may say, "No!" to adult
suggestions or insist that they, "Do it byself!"
Then, moments later,
they might cling to an adult's leg or ask for help.
Emotional
Development
Shows pleasure when familiar adults are nearby. Has developed close
attachments with parents and other frequent caregivers; uses these
relationships as a secure base to explore (e.g., digs in the sandbox but
runs back to dad for a cuddle from time to time).
Knows own name. Uses
"my" and "me" often, and with pride (e.g., says, "MY mama!"). Shows
beginning signs of self-consciousness (e.g., hides behind a chair and
looks ashamed after breaking an ornament).
Is keenly
observant of others' emotional reactions. Checks parent's facial
expressions (e.g., considers climbing up a ladder at the playground, but
first looks back at mother's face for encouragement or warning).
Experiences a
wide range of emotions (e.g., affection, frustration, fear, anger,
sadness). Tends to express and act on impulses; has tantrums when tired
or frustrated. With adult help, begins to use strategies to control
emotional expression (e.g., goes to get teddy bear or another comfort
object when upset so he or she can calm down).
Social Development
Is aware of others.
Enjoys exploring objects with adults as basis for establishing
relationships (e.g., plays "peek-a-boo over and over again with
grandfather).
Information taken from
the PBS Website.
Click here for more information.
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